CLASES DE ÁRABE EN GRANOLLERS: julio 2012

Ellipsis

Ellipsis is another cohesive device. It happens when, after a more specific mention, words are omitted when the phrase needs to be repeated.

A simple conversational example:

(A) Where are you going?
(B) To town.

The full form of B's reply would be: "I am going to town".

A simple written example: The younger child was very outgoing, the older much more reserved.

The omitted words from the second clause are "child" and "was".

[edit]Substitution

A word is not omitted, as in ellipsis, but is substituted for another, more general word. For example, "Which ice-cream would you like?" – "I would like the pink one" where "one" is used instead of repeating "ice-cream." This works in a similar way to pronouns, which replace the noun. For example, 'Ice-cream' is a noun, and its pronoun could be 'It'. 'I dropped the ice-cream because it was dirty'. – Replacing the noun for a pronoun. "I dropped the green ice-cream. It was the only one I had'. – the second sentence contains the pronoun (It), and the substitution (one). One should not mix up the two because they both serve different purposes: one to link back and one to replace.

COHESION

Ellipsis

We can sometimes leave out words in sentences to avoid repetition, or when the meaning of the sentence is clear without these words. We call this ‘ellipsis’. We can leave out words in the following cases:

To avoid repeating the same noun:

There is a large number of Andrew Marshalls in the world and quite a few [of the Andrew Marshalls] are writers and journalists.
I painted one wall and Jim painted the other [~~wall]~~.
I haven’t got a pen. Use Paula’s [~~pen~~].
I failed the first exam but passed the second [~~exam~~].

When the main verb is exactly the same and is followed by an object, complement or adverbial, we can also leave it out:

Ben does the shopping, Paula [~~does~~] the cooking, and Andy [~~does~~] the cleaning.
James cleaned the kitchen, Beth [~~cleaned~~] the living room and Olive [~~cleaned~~] the bathroom.
One sister is a doctor and the other [~~sister~~] [is] a graphic designer.
Andy travelled by bus, Olivia ~~[travelled]~~ by plane, and Gavin [~~travelled~~] on horseback.

To avoid repeating the main verb after an auxiliary:

I liked the film but Jackie didn’t [~~like it~~].
I thought you were working but I can see that you are not [~~working~~]
She never bought a flat but now she wishes she had [~~bought a flat~~].

Note that a verb/noun etc. is usually left out the second time it is used. But sometimes it can be left out the first time, especially when these two modal verbs are used together, separated by and:

The students can [~~do extra study at home~~] and must do extra study at home.
I think you could [~~tell him about it~~] and should tell him about it.

This can also happen with certain verbs used with prepositions:

He believed in [~~his right to enter the country~~] and argued for his right to enter the country.

To avoid repeating a whole verb in the infinitive, we can just use to.

I didn’t arrive early but I wanted to [~~arrive early~~]
"Are you coming to the party?"
"We hope to [~~come~~]."

FUENTE: http://teleformacion.princast.es

ELLIPSIS EXERCISES

i CONJUNCTIVE COHESION AND RELATIONAL COHERENCE IN ...

uir.unisa.ac.za/xmlui/.../1790/dissertation.pdf?... - Traducir esta página

Cohesion - Using English for Academic Purposes

Ergative Verbs:

In English, there is a category of verbs known as Ergative Verbs. They are verbs which allow the three-voice option of active, middle or passive (Lock, 1996). Examples include close,evaporate, bend, increase, sink, shrink, drown, break, change, drop, etc.

e.g.

The sun evaporates water. (Active Voice)
Water is evaporated (by the sun). (Passive Voice)
Water evaporates. (Middle Voice)
Someone dropped a pen. (Active Voice)
A pen was dropped (by someone). (Passive Voice)
A pen dropped. (Middle Voice)

What is the middle voice? The middle voice can be seen as in the middle of active voice and passive voice. When it is used, the object of a transitive clause (e.g. water in sentences 1 anda pen in sentence 4) becomes the subject of an intransitive clause (see sentences 3 and 6). These subjects can be argued as the doers of the actions represented by the ergative verbs (e.g. evaporate in sentence 3 and drop in sentence 6) and act upon themselves, but the actions involved normally come about more or less spontaneously. There may be no doers at all, and even if there are doers, the actions are often not done deliberately or intentionally by the doers.

FUENTE : http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Chan-ErgativeVerbs.html

b. To Raise and To Rise

To raise is a transitive verb, which can take an object. The following examples illustrate the use of the Present Continuous, Simple Past, and Present Perfect tenses of the verb to raise. The verbs are underlined, and the objects of the verbs are printed in bold type.

e.g. She is raising poodles.

He raised the window.

They have raised a crop of wheat.

To rise is an intransitive verb, which cannot take an object. The following examples illustrate the use of the Present Continuous, Simple Past, and Present Perfect tenses of the verb to rise.

e.g. The moon is rising in the east.

They rose to the occasion.

The temperature has risen by five degrees.

Páginas

viernes, 27 de julio de 2012

sábado, 21 de julio de 2012

viernes, 20 de julio de 2012

jueves, 19 de julio de 2012

miércoles, 18 de julio de 2012

martes, 17 de julio de 2012

Ellipsis

[edit]Substitution